List several side-to-side cellular junctions that can influence cell signaling. Answer : Gap junctions, desmosomes, adherens junctions, integrin connections...
What are integrins and do they influence cell-cell signaling? Answer : Integrins are a diverse family of transmembrane proteins consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are found in all animal cells. Integrins link the actin cytoskeleton to the ... movement, and can thus influence actin cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular signaling of neighboring cells....
Why do ion channels contribute to faster cellular responses than other signaling mechanisms, such as GPCR-mediated signaling? Answer : Ion channels generate electrical signals, which signals travel much more rapidly than chemical signals that depend on the process of molecular diffusion. An electrical signal can traverse the entire length of a nerve cell within milliseconds....
Briefly, describe how GPCR and heterotrimeric G protein-mediated signaling occurs. Answer : Binding of a signaling molecule (ligand) to GPCRs causes a conformation change in GPCR, leading to heterotrimeric G protein activation, where GTP physically replaces the GDP bound to the alpha ... some G proteins stimulate the activity of target proteins, whereas others G proteins are inhibitory....
What types of signaling molecules bind to and activate RTKs? Answer : Growth factors, hormones, some extracellular matrix proteins, some cell surface proteins (i.e. ephrin)...
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